NMMS SAT Interior of the Earth 7th Term 1 Question and answer English medium
NMMS SAT Interior of the Earth 7th Term 1 Question and answer English medium
ЁЯМН Introduction & Structure of the Earth
1. What kind of planet is Earth described
as?
a) Static planet
b) Giant planet
c) Dynamic planet
d) Rocky planet
✅ Answer: c) Dynamic
planet
2. Which of the following is not mentioned
as a feature of Earth's surface?
a) Mountains
b) Volcanoes
c) Plateaus
d) Plains
✅ Answer: b)
Volcanoes
3. What is the Earth constantly undergoing?
a) Freezing and melting
b) Rotational stops
c) Changes inside and outside
d) Colour changes
✅ Answer: c) Changes
inside and outside
4. The structure of Earth is compared to
which fruit?
a) Orange
b) Banana
c) Apple
d) Mango
✅ Answer: c) Apple
5. On what basis is the interior of the
Earth studied?
a) Satellite images
b) Earthquake waves
c) Fossil records
d) Volcanic eruptions
✅ Answer: b)
Earthquake waves
ЁЯз▒ Layers of the Earth
6. How many concentric layers does the Earth
have?
a) Two
b) Four
c) Three
d) Five
✅ Answer: c) Three
7. Which of the following is not a
layer of the Earth?
a) Crust
b) Core
c) Mantle
d) Atmosphere
✅ Answer: d)
Atmosphere
8. What is the outermost layer of the Earth
called?
a) Mantle
b) Core
c) Crust
d) Lithosphere
✅ Answer: c) Crust
9. What is the thickness of the Earth’s
crust on ocean floors?
a) 30 km
b) 50 km
c) 35 km
d) 5 km
✅ Answer: d) 5 km
10. How thick is the Earth’s crust on the
continental masses?
a) 50 km
b) 5 km
c) 35 km
d) 10 km
✅ Answer: c) 35 km
ЁЯМК Crust Details
11. Which type of crust is less dense?
a) Oceanic crust
b) Core crust
c) Continental crust
d) Mantle crust
✅ Answer: c)
Continental crust
12. Why is the continental crust less dense
than the oceanic crust?
a) It has only water
b) It has more metal
c) It is made of light and dense rocks
d) It has gases
✅ Answer: c) It is
made of light and dense rocks
13. What is the oceanic crust mostly made of?
a) Clay
b) Marble
c) Basalt
d) Granite
✅ Answer: c) Basalt
14. What rock forms the upper part of
the crust?
a) Basalt
b) Limestone
c) Granite
d) Slate
✅ Answer: c) Granite
15. What forms the continents?
a) Dense basalt rocks
b) Volcanic ash
c) Oceanic crust
d) Granite rocks
✅ Answer: d) Granite
rocks
ЁЯзк Mineral Composition
16. What are the main minerals in the upper
crust?
a) Silica and iron
b) Silica and alumina
c) Alumina and calcium
d) Iron and calcium
✅ Answer: b) Silica
and alumina
17. What is the upper crust also known as?
a) Sima
b) Mantle
c) Sial
d) Core
✅ Answer: c) Sial
18. What is the average density of the Sial
layer?
a) 5.5 g/cm³
b) 4.2 g/cm³
c) 2.7 g/cm³
d) 3.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: c) 2.7
g/cm³
ЁЯМК Bonus: Earth Facts
19. What percentage of Earth is covered by
water?
a) 91%
b) 71%
c) 51%
d) 61%
✅ Answer: b) 71%
20. What is Earth famously called due to its
water coverage?
a) Planet Green
b) The Oceanic Planet
c) Water Planet
d) Blue Planet
✅ Answer: d) Blue
Planet
ЁЯМН Earth's Layers & Structure
1. What is the lower part of the crust known
as?
a) Sial
b) Crust
c) Core
d) Sima
✅ Answer: d) Sima
2. What are the main elements in Sima?
a) Silica and alumina
b) Silica and iron
c) Silica and magnesium
d) Silica and nickel
✅ Answer: c) Silica
and magnesium
3. What is the average density of Sima?
a) 3.5 g/cm³
b) 2.7 g/cm³
c) 4.4 g/cm³
d) 3.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: d) 3.0
g/cm³
4. What causes continents to “float” on the
earth?
a) Hot lava
b) Water currents
c) Sial being lighter than Sima
d) Earthquakes
✅ Answer: c) Sial
being lighter than Sima
ЁЯФе The Mantle
5. What is the layer beneath the crust
called?
a) Core
b) Mantle
c) Sima
d) Crust
✅ Answer: b) Mantle
6. What is the boundary between the crust
and mantle?
a) Asthenosphere
b) Mantle layer
c) Mohorovicic discontinuity
d) Gutenberg line
✅ Answer: c)
Mohorovicic discontinuity
7. What is the total thickness of the
mantle?
a) 5,000 km
b) 6,370 km
c) 1,000 km
d) 2,900 km
✅ Answer: d) 2,900
km
8. What is the density range of the upper
mantle?
a) 2.0 – 3.0 g/cm³
b) 3.4 – 4.4 g/cm³
c) 4.4 – 5.5 g/cm³
d) 3.0 – 5.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: b) 3.4 –
4.4 g/cm³
9. The lower mantle extends
from:
a) 0 – 700 km
b) 700 – 2,900 km
c) 2,900 – 5,150 km
d) 5,150 – 6,370 km
✅ Answer: b) 700 –
2,900 km
10. What is the density of the lower
mantle?
a) 2.5 – 3.5 g/cm³
b) 4.4 – 5.5 g/cm³
c) 3.4 – 4.4 g/cm³
d) 5.0 – 6.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: b) 4.4 –
5.5 g/cm³
ЁЯМР The Core
11. What is the innermost layer of the Earth?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Lithosphere
d) Core
✅ Answer: d) Core
12. What is another name for the core?
a) Asthenosphere
b) Barysphere
c) Mantle layer
d) Nife
✅ Answer: b)
Barysphere
13. What separates the core from the mantle?
a) Moho line
b) Lithospheric plate
c) Weichart-Gutenberg discontinuity
d) Fault zone
✅ Answer: c)
Weichart-Gutenberg discontinuity
14. What is the outer core composed
of?
a) Iron and aluminum
b) Iron and magnesium
c) Rich in iron and in liquid state
d) Rocks and gases
✅ Answer: c) Rich in
iron and in liquid state
15. What is the composition of the inner
core?
a) Rock and water
b) Nickel and ferrous (Nife), solid state
c) Silica and alumina
d) Silica and magnesium
✅ Answer: b) Nickel
and ferrous (Nife), solid state
16. What is the density of the core?
a) 9.0 g/cm³
b) 2.7 g/cm³
c) 13.0 g/cm³
d) 3.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: c) 13.0
g/cm³
ЁЯУК Earth Facts
17. What percentage of Earth is made up of
the crust?
a) 10%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 1%
✅ Answer: d) 1%
18. What is the radius of the Earth?
a) 6,000 km
b) 6,371 km
c) 5,150 km
d) 7,000 km
✅ Answer: b) 6,371
km
ЁЯМО Plate Tectonics & Movements
19. The lithosphere is broken into plates
called:
a) Oceanic rings
b) Continental caps
c) Lithospheric plates
d) Volcanic zones
✅ Answer: c)
Lithospheric plates
20. What lies beneath the lithosphere,
allowing plates to move?
a) Sima
b) Mantle crust
c) Asthenosphere
d) Volcano belt
✅ Answer: c)
Asthenosphere
ЁЯМН Plate Movements & Earthquakes
1. What are the forces that act in the
interior of the earth called?
a) Exogenic forces
b) Seismic forces
c) Plate forces
d) Endogenic forces
✅ Answer: d)
Endogenic forces
2. What are the forces that work on the
surface of the earth called?
a) Inner forces
b) Seismic forces
c) Exogenic forces
d) Lithospheric forces
✅ Answer: c)
Exogenic forces
3. What do endogenic forces typically
produce?
a) Rainfall
b) Landslides
c) Earthquakes and volcanoes
d) Floods
✅ Answer: c)
Earthquakes and volcanoes
4. What type of movements do exogenic forces
produce?
a) Sudden
b) Violent
c) Destructive
d) Slow
✅ Answer: d) Slow
5. What is the asthenosphere responsible
for?
a) Causing rainfall
b) Producing sunlight
c) Moving tectonic plates
d) Breaking mountains
✅ Answer: c) Moving
tectonic plates
ЁЯМЛ Earthquakes
6. What is an earthquake?
a) A volcanic eruption
b) A flood
c) A sudden shaking of the earth’s crust
d) A mountain collapse
✅ Answer: c) A
sudden shaking of the earth’s crust
7. Where do earthquake vibrations originate?
a) Epicenter
b) Surface fault
c) Focus
d) Core
✅ Answer: c) Focus
8. What is the point directly above the
focus on the surface called?
a) Center
b) Fault line
c) Seismic zone
d) Epicentre
✅ Answer: d)
Epicentre
9. What are earthquake vibrations called?
a) Richter motions
b) Crust waves
c) Seismic waves
d) Shock tremors
✅ Answer: c) Seismic
waves
10. Which instrument records earthquake
waves?
a) Thermometer
b) Seismograph
c) Richtermeter
d) Barometer
✅ Answer: b)
Seismograph
ЁЯУК Richter Scale & Types of Waves
11. What is used to measure the magnitude of
an earthquake?
a) Scale of impact
b) Richter scale
c) Geometric scale
d) Volcanic scale
✅ Answer: b) Richter
scale
12. What is the range of the Richter scale?
a) 0–10
b) 1–5
c) 0–9
d) 1–12
✅ Answer: c) 0–9
13. What is the chief cause of earthquakes?
a) Rainfall
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Sudden slippage along faults
d) Ocean waves
✅ Answer: c) Sudden
slippage along faults
14. What do movements of molten rocks under
the surface cause?
a) Weather change
b) Surface cracks
c) Strains that break rocks
d) Ocean tides
✅ Answer: c) Strains
that break rocks
15. What do upthrusts in the earth's crust
cause?
a) Tsunamis
b) Lightning
c) Vibrations
d) Erosion
✅ Answer: c)
Vibrations
ЁЯМК Earthquake Effects
16. What natural disaster is often triggered
by earthquakes in mountains?
a) Volcano
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Avalanche
✅ Answer: c)
Landslide
17. What is a major danger in an earthquake?
a) Soil erosion
b) Collapse of buildings
c) Rainfall
d) Forest fires
✅ Answer: b)
Collapse of buildings
18. Most collapsed houses were made of:
a) Metal and cement
b) Glass
c) Wood and steel
d) Mud and bricks
✅ Answer: d) Mud and
bricks
19. What other system is naturally disturbed
by earthquakes?
a) Climate system
b) Solar system
c) Underground water system
d) Wind pattern
✅ Answer: c)
Underground water system
20. Which wave types are listed as earthquake
waves?
a) X, Y, Z waves
b) L, M, N waves
c) P, S, L waves
d) A, B, C waves
✅ Answer: c) P, S, L
waves
ЁЯМК Tsunami & Earthquakes
1. What is a
tsunami?
a) Underground explosion
b) A large ocean wave caused by an earthquake
c) A volcanic eruption
d) A cyclone
✅ Answer: b) A large ocean wave caused by an earthquake
2. The
word tsunami originates from which language?
a) Hindi
b) Greek
c) Japanese
d) Latin
✅ Answer: c) Japanese
3. Tsunamis
are quite common along the coasts of:
a) Africa
b) Japan
c) Europe
d) Australia
✅ Answer: b) Japan
4. On 26th
December 2004, the tsunami in the Indian Ocean affected:
a) Canada
b) Russia
c) Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand
d) USA, Brazil, Chile
✅ Answer: c) Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand
5. The 2004
tsunami caused:
a) Earthquake waves only
b) Change in rainfall
c) Immense damage to life and property
d) Cooling of the ocean
✅ Answer: c) Immense damage to life and property
ЁЯМН Distribution of Earthquakes
6. Earthquake
distribution closely matches the distribution of:
a) Rivers
b) Mountains
c) Volcanoes
d) Deserts
✅ Answer: c) Volcanoes
7. Which
region experiences the most frequent earthquakes?
a) Atlantic belt
b) Pacific Ring of Fire
c) Indian Ocean belt
d) Arctic Circle
✅ Answer: b) Pacific Ring of Fire
8. What
percentage of earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 68%
d) 31%
✅ Answer: c) 68%
9. How many
earthquakes occur in the Mediterranean-Himalayan belt?
a) 1%
b) 10%
c) 31%
d) 50%
✅ Answer: c) 31%
10. Which of
the following is part of the Mediterranean-Himalayan belt?
a) Africa
b) Asia Minor
c) South America
d) North America
✅ Answer: b) Asia Minor
ЁЯЗоЁЯЗ│ Earthquakes in India
11. Which
region in India is prone to earthquakes?
a) Western Ghats
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Himalayan region
d) Thar Desert
✅ Answer: c) Himalayan region
12. The
Ganga-Brahmaputra valley is:
a) Earthquake-safe
b) Occasionally affected
c) Flood-prone
d) Prone to earthquakes
✅ Answer: d) Prone to earthquakes
13. Which
Indian earthquake occurred in 1991?
a) Gujarat earthquake
b) Uttar Kashi earthquake
c) Latur earthquake
d) Koyna earthquake
✅ Answer: b) Uttar Kashi earthquake
14. The Latur
earthquake occurred in:
a) 1990
b) 2001
c) 1993
d) 1985
✅ Answer: c) 1993
15. The Koyna
(Maharashtra) earthquake took place in:
a) 2000
b) 1999
c) 1967
d) 1980
✅ Answer: c) 1967
ЁЯМЛ Volcanoes
16. A volcano
is a:
a) Waterfall
b) Crater formed by earthquakes
c) Vent or opening in the earth’s crust
d) Fault line
✅ Answer: c) Vent or opening in the earth’s crust
17. What
erupts from a volcano?
a) Lava and water
b) Cold air
c) Magma and gases
d) Ice and gas
✅ Answer: c) Magma and gases
18. The
opening of a volcano is usually:
a) Rectangular
b) Triangular
c) Irregular
d) Circular
✅ Answer: d) Circular
19. Volcanic
eruptions may also occur through:
a) Water bodies
b) Ice caps
c) Long cracks or fissures
d) Ocean floors
✅ Answer: c) Long cracks or fissures
20. What is
magma called after it rises to the surface?
a) Lava
b) Ash
c) Fire
d) Plasma
✅ Answer: a) Lava
ЁЯМЛ Volcanoes – Structure & Activity
1. What forms around a volcano's opening
after lava accumulates over time?
a) Valley
b) Crater
c) Conical hill
d) Caldera
✅ Answer: c) Conical
hill
2. The opening or mouth of a volcano is
called a:
a) Crater
b) Vent
c) Lava flow
d) Ash cloud
✅ Answer: b) Vent
3. The funnel-shaped depression at the top
of a volcano is called a:
a) Caldera
b) Cone
c) Crater
d) Side vent
✅ Answer: c) Crater
4. A crater that is very large and shaped
like a basin is called a:
a) Crater
b) Cone
c) Vent
d) Caldera
✅ Answer: d) Caldera
5. Calderas are formed due to:
a) Rainwater
b) Wind erosion
c) Violent explosions
d) Lava cooling
✅ Answer: c) Violent
explosions
ЁЯФе Causes of Volcanic Activity
6. Temperature inside the Earth increases at
the rate of:
a) 1°C every 50 metres
b) 2°C every 10 metres
c) 1°C every 32 metres
d) 5°C every 100 metres
✅ Answer: c) 1°C
every 32 metres
7. At a depth of 15 km, the pressure is
about:
a) 5 tonnes per cm²
b) 10 tonnes per cm²
c) 1 tonne per cm²
d) 3 tonnes per cm²
✅ Answer: a) 5
tonnes per cm²
8. The semi-molten state inside the earth is
known as:
a) Lava
b) Rock
c) Magma
d) Steam
✅ Answer: c) Magma
9. Magma can dissolve:
a) Ash
b) Water
c) Gases
d) Minerals only
✅ Answer: c) Gases
10. The scientific study of volcanoes is
called:
a) Seismology
b) Lithology
c) Volcanology
d) Geography
✅ Answer: c)
Volcanology
ЁЯМЛ Nature of Volcanic Eruptions
11. When magma rises slowly and spreads over
a large area, it is called:
a) Explosive eruption
b) Quiet eruption
c) Fissure eruption
d) Composite eruption
✅ Answer: c) Fissure
eruption
12. Which Indian region has plateaus formed
by fissure eruption?
a) Ganga Plains
b) Eastern Ghats
c) Deccan Plateau
d) Thar Desert
✅ Answer: c) Deccan
Plateau
13. When magma rises quickly and explodes
with lava and gases, it is known as:
a) Fissure eruption
b) Silent eruption
c) Explosive eruption
d) Steam eruption
✅ Answer: c)
Explosive eruption
14. An example of an explosive eruption
occurred in:
a) Mount Etna
b) Iceland
c) Krakatoa, Indonesia
d) Deccan Plateau
✅ Answer: c)
Krakatoa, Indonesia
15. The Krakatoa eruption happened on:
a) 12th August 1945
b) 27th August 1883
c) 15th August 1857
d) 5th July 1901
✅ Answer: b) 27th
August 1883
ЁЯМб️ Lava Characteristics
16. Highly viscous lava is:
a) Rich in water and silica
b) Rich in silica, low in water
c) Poor in silica
d) Only made of gases
✅ Answer: b) Rich in
silica, low in water
17. Low viscosity lava:
a) Has little silica and more water
b) Moves slowly
c) Is rich in silica
d) Forms hills
✅ Answer: a) Has
little silica and more water
18. Low viscosity lava forms:
a) Steep cones
b) Jagged rocks
c) Smooth flows
d) Ash clouds
✅ Answer: c) Smooth
flows
ЁЯЗоЁЯЗ│ Volcano in India
19. Where is Barren Island located?
a) Lakshadweep
b) Gulf of Mannar
c) Andaman Sea
d) Arabian Sea
✅ Answer: c) Andaman
Sea
20. Barren Island last erupted in:
a) 2001
b) 2017
c) 1993
d) 2022
✅ Answer: b) 2017
ЁЯМЛ Volcanic Belts & Earth’s Structure
1. The Mid Continental Belt is a zone of:
a) Divergent boundaries
b) Transform faults
c) Convergent continental plate boundaries
d) Oceanic spreading centers
✅ Answer: c)
Convergent continental plate boundaries
2. Which of the following volcanoes is found
in the Mid Continental Belt?
a) Krakatoa
b) Stromboli
c) Iceland
d) Azores
✅ Answer: b)
Stromboli
3. The Himalayan mountains have:
a) One active volcano
b) No active volcanoes
c) Many dormant volcanoes
d) Only extinct volcanoes
✅ Answer: b) No
active volcanoes
4. The Mid Atlantic Belt represents:
a) Convergent boundaries
b) Divergent boundaries
c) Fault zones
d) Collision zones
✅ Answer: b)
Divergent boundaries
5. The volcanoes in the Mid Atlantic Belt
are mainly of:
a) Cone type
b) Caldera type
c) Explosive eruption type
d) Fissure eruption type
✅ Answer: d) Fissure
eruption type
ЁЯМН Earth’s Interior & Structure
6. The Earth’s interior structure is
compared with:
a) Orange
b) Onion
c) Apple
d) Watermelon
✅ Answer: c) Apple
7. The outermost layer of the Earth is
called:
a) Mantle
b) Core
c) Crust
d) Lithosphere
✅ Answer: c) Crust
8. The upper part of the Earth’s crust is
called:
a) SIAL
b) SIMA
c) Mantle
d) Lithosphere
✅ Answer: a) SIAL
9. The lower part of the Earth’s crust is
called:
a) SIAL
b) SIMA
c) Core
d) Magma
✅ Answer: b) SIMA
10. The thickness of the mantle is about:
a) 1000 km
b) 2000 km
c) 2900 km
d) 3700 km
✅ Answer: c) 2900 km
ЁЯМР Lithosphere & Seismology
11. The lithosphere is broken into a number
of:
a) Layers
b) Continents
c) Plates
d) Belts
✅ Answer: c) Plates
12. These plates are known as:
a) Crustal plates
b) Seismic plates
c) Lithospheric plates
d) Continental plates
✅ Answer: c)
Lithospheric plates
13. The instrument used to record earthquake
waves is called:
a) Thermometer
b) Barometer
c) Seismograph
d) Altimeter
✅ Answer: c)
Seismograph
14. A tsunami is caused by:
a) Flood
b) Landslide
c) Volcano
d) Underwater earthquake
✅ Answer: d)
Underwater earthquake
15. A volcano is a vent or opening in the:
a) Ocean floor
b) Mountain top
c) Earth’s crust
d) Stratosphere
✅ Answer: c) Earth’s
crust
ЁЯМЛ Volcano Types & Eruption
16. What flows out from a volcano?
a) Steam only
b) Only rocks
c) Magma
d) Water and mud
✅ Answer: c) Magma
17. The shape of a volcano depends on:
a) Earthquake strength
b) Moon's pull
c) Lava type and force of eruption
d) Sea level
✅ Answer: c) Lava
type and force of eruption
18. How many major zones of volcanic activity
are there in the world?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
✅ Answer: b) 3
19. Iceland is located on:
a) Pacific Ring of Fire
b) African Rift
c) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
d) Himalayan Belt
✅ Answer: c)
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
20. St. Helena and Azores Islands are
examples of volcanoes from the:
a) Pacific Ring
b) Mid Atlantic Belt
c) African Belt
d) Indian Ocean Ridge
✅ Answer: b) Mid
Atlantic Belt
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