NMMS SAT Interior of the Earth 7th Term 1 Question and answer English medium

  NMMS SAT  Interior of the Earth 7th Term 1 Question and answer English medium

 

🌍 Introduction & Structure of the Earth

1. What kind of planet is Earth described as?
a) Static planet
b) Giant planet
c) Dynamic planet
d) Rocky planet
✅ Answer: c) Dynamic planet

2. Which of the following is not mentioned as a feature of Earth's surface?
a) Mountains
b) Volcanoes
c) Plateaus
d) Plains
✅ Answer: b) Volcanoes

3. What is the Earth constantly undergoing?
a) Freezing and melting
b) Rotational stops
c) Changes inside and outside
d) Colour changes
✅ Answer: c) Changes inside and outside

4. The structure of Earth is compared to which fruit?
a) Orange
b) Banana
c) Apple
d) Mango
✅ Answer: c) Apple

5. On what basis is the interior of the Earth studied?
a) Satellite images
b) Earthquake waves
c) Fossil records
d) Volcanic eruptions
✅ Answer: b) Earthquake waves

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🧱 Layers of the Earth

6. How many concentric layers does the Earth have?
a) Two
b) Four
c) Three
d) Five
✅ Answer: c) Three

7. Which of the following is not a layer of the Earth?
a) Crust
b) Core
c) Mantle
d) Atmosphere
✅ Answer: d) Atmosphere

8. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
a) Mantle
b) Core
c) Crust
d) Lithosphere
✅ Answer: c) Crust

9. What is the thickness of the Earth’s crust on ocean floors?
a) 30 km
b) 50 km
c) 35 km
d) 5 km
✅ Answer: d) 5 km

10. How thick is the Earth’s crust on the continental masses?
a) 50 km
b) 5 km
c) 35 km
d) 10 km
✅ Answer: c) 35 km

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🌊 Crust Details

11. Which type of crust is less dense?
a) Oceanic crust
b) Core crust
c) Continental crust
d) Mantle crust
✅ Answer: c) Continental crust

12. Why is the continental crust less dense than the oceanic crust?
a) It has only water
b) It has more metal
c) It is made of light and dense rocks
d) It has gases
✅ Answer: c) It is made of light and dense rocks

13. What is the oceanic crust mostly made of?
a) Clay
b) Marble
c) Basalt
d) Granite
✅ Answer: c) Basalt

14. What rock forms the upper part of the crust?
a) Basalt
b) Limestone
c) Granite
d) Slate
✅ Answer: c) Granite

15. What forms the continents?
a) Dense basalt rocks
b) Volcanic ash
c) Oceanic crust
d) Granite rocks
✅ Answer: d) Granite rocks

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🧪 Mineral Composition

16. What are the main minerals in the upper crust?
a) Silica and iron
b) Silica and alumina
c) Alumina and calcium
d) Iron and calcium
✅ Answer: b) Silica and alumina

17. What is the upper crust also known as?
a) Sima
b) Mantle
c) Sial
d) Core
✅ Answer: c) Sial

18. What is the average density of the Sial layer?
a) 5.5 g/cm³
b) 4.2 g/cm³
c) 2.7 g/cm³
d) 3.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: c) 2.7 g/cm³

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🌊 Bonus: Earth Facts

19. What percentage of Earth is covered by water?
a) 91%
b) 71%
c) 51%
d) 61%
✅ Answer: b) 71%

20. What is Earth famously called due to its water coverage?
a) Planet Green
b) The Oceanic Planet
c) Water Planet
d) Blue Planet
✅ Answer: d) Blue Planet

 

🌍 Earth's Layers & Structure

1. What is the lower part of the crust known as?
a) Sial
b) Crust
c) Core
d) Sima
✅ Answer: d) Sima

2. What are the main elements in Sima?
a) Silica and alumina
b) Silica and iron
c) Silica and magnesium
d) Silica and nickel
✅ Answer: c) Silica and magnesium

3. What is the average density of Sima?
a) 3.5 g/cm³
b) 2.7 g/cm³
c) 4.4 g/cm³
d) 3.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: d) 3.0 g/cm³

4. What causes continents to “float” on the earth?
a) Hot lava
b) Water currents
c) Sial being lighter than Sima
d) Earthquakes
✅ Answer: c) Sial being lighter than Sima

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🔥 The Mantle

5. What is the layer beneath the crust called?
a) Core
b) Mantle
c) Sima
d) Crust
✅ Answer: b) Mantle

6. What is the boundary between the crust and mantle?
a) Asthenosphere
b) Mantle layer
c) Mohorovicic discontinuity
d) Gutenberg line
✅ Answer: c) Mohorovicic discontinuity

7. What is the total thickness of the mantle?
a) 5,000 km
b) 6,370 km
c) 1,000 km
d) 2,900 km
✅ Answer: d) 2,900 km

8. What is the density range of the upper mantle?
a) 2.0 – 3.0 g/cm³
b) 3.4 – 4.4 g/cm³
c) 4.4 – 5.5 g/cm³
d) 3.0 – 5.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: b) 3.4 – 4.4 g/cm³

9. The lower mantle extends from:
a) 0 – 700 km
b) 700 – 2,900 km
c) 2,900 – 5,150 km
d) 5,150 – 6,370 km
✅ Answer: b) 700 – 2,900 km

10. What is the density of the lower mantle?
a) 2.5 – 3.5 g/cm³
b) 4.4 – 5.5 g/cm³
c) 3.4 – 4.4 g/cm³
d) 5.0 – 6.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: b) 4.4 – 5.5 g/cm³

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🌐 The Core

11. What is the innermost layer of the Earth?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Lithosphere
d) Core
✅ Answer: d) Core

12. What is another name for the core?
a) Asthenosphere
b) Barysphere
c) Mantle layer
d) Nife
✅ Answer: b) Barysphere

13. What separates the core from the mantle?
a) Moho line
b) Lithospheric plate
c) Weichart-Gutenberg discontinuity
d) Fault zone
✅ Answer: c) Weichart-Gutenberg discontinuity

14. What is the outer core composed of?
a) Iron and aluminum
b) Iron and magnesium
c) Rich in iron and in liquid state
d) Rocks and gases
✅ Answer: c) Rich in iron and in liquid state

15. What is the composition of the inner core?
a) Rock and water
b) Nickel and ferrous (Nife), solid state
c) Silica and alumina
d) Silica and magnesium
✅ Answer: b) Nickel and ferrous (Nife), solid state

16. What is the density of the core?
a) 9.0 g/cm³
b) 2.7 g/cm³
c) 13.0 g/cm³
d) 3.0 g/cm³
✅ Answer: c) 13.0 g/cm³

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📊 Earth Facts

17. What percentage of Earth is made up of the crust?
a) 10%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 1%
✅ Answer: d) 1%

18. What is the radius of the Earth?
a) 6,000 km
b) 6,371 km
c) 5,150 km
d) 7,000 km
✅ Answer: b) 6,371 km

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🌎 Plate Tectonics & Movements

19. The lithosphere is broken into plates called:
a) Oceanic rings
b) Continental caps
c) Lithospheric plates
d) Volcanic zones
✅ Answer: c) Lithospheric plates

20. What lies beneath the lithosphere, allowing plates to move?
a) Sima
b) Mantle crust
c) Asthenosphere
d) Volcano belt
✅ Answer: c) Asthenosphere

 

🌍 Plate Movements & Earthquakes

1. What are the forces that act in the interior of the earth called?
a) Exogenic forces
b) Seismic forces
c) Plate forces
d) Endogenic forces
✅ Answer: d) Endogenic forces

2. What are the forces that work on the surface of the earth called?
a) Inner forces
b) Seismic forces
c) Exogenic forces
d) Lithospheric forces
✅ Answer: c) Exogenic forces

3. What do endogenic forces typically produce?
a) Rainfall
b) Landslides
c) Earthquakes and volcanoes
d) Floods
✅ Answer: c) Earthquakes and volcanoes

4. What type of movements do exogenic forces produce?
a) Sudden
b) Violent
c) Destructive
d) Slow
✅ Answer: d) Slow

5. What is the asthenosphere responsible for?
a) Causing rainfall
b) Producing sunlight
c) Moving tectonic plates
d) Breaking mountains
✅ Answer: c) Moving tectonic plates

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🌋 Earthquakes

6. What is an earthquake?
a) A volcanic eruption
b) A flood
c) A sudden shaking of the earth’s crust
d) A mountain collapse
✅ Answer: c) A sudden shaking of the earth’s crust

7. Where do earthquake vibrations originate?
a) Epicenter
b) Surface fault
c) Focus
d) Core
✅ Answer: c) Focus

8. What is the point directly above the focus on the surface called?
a) Center
b) Fault line
c) Seismic zone
d) Epicentre
✅ Answer: d) Epicentre

9. What are earthquake vibrations called?
a) Richter motions
b) Crust waves
c) Seismic waves
d) Shock tremors
✅ Answer: c) Seismic waves

10. Which instrument records earthquake waves?
a) Thermometer
b) Seismograph
c) Richtermeter
d) Barometer
✅ Answer: b) Seismograph

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📊 Richter Scale & Types of Waves

11. What is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
a) Scale of impact
b) Richter scale
c) Geometric scale
d) Volcanic scale
✅ Answer: b) Richter scale

12. What is the range of the Richter scale?
a) 0–10
b) 1–5
c) 0–9
d) 1–12
✅ Answer: c) 0–9

13. What is the chief cause of earthquakes?
a) Rainfall
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Sudden slippage along faults
d) Ocean waves
✅ Answer: c) Sudden slippage along faults

14. What do movements of molten rocks under the surface cause?
a) Weather change
b) Surface cracks
c) Strains that break rocks
d) Ocean tides
✅ Answer: c) Strains that break rocks

15. What do upthrusts in the earth's crust cause?
a) Tsunamis
b) Lightning
c) Vibrations
d) Erosion
✅ Answer: c) Vibrations

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🌊 Earthquake Effects

16. What natural disaster is often triggered by earthquakes in mountains?
a) Volcano
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Avalanche
✅ Answer: c) Landslide

17. What is a major danger in an earthquake?
a) Soil erosion
b) Collapse of buildings
c) Rainfall
d) Forest fires
✅ Answer: b) Collapse of buildings

18. Most collapsed houses were made of:
a) Metal and cement
b) Glass
c) Wood and steel
d) Mud and bricks
✅ Answer: d) Mud and bricks

19. What other system is naturally disturbed by earthquakes?
a) Climate system
b) Solar system
c) Underground water system
d) Wind pattern
✅ Answer: c) Underground water system

20. Which wave types are listed as earthquake waves?
a) X, Y, Z waves
b) L, M, N waves
c) P, S, L waves
d) A, B, C waves
✅ Answer: c) P, S, L waves

🌊 Tsunami & Earthquakes

1. What is a tsunami?
a) Underground explosion
b) A large ocean wave caused by an earthquake
c) A volcanic eruption
d) A cyclone
✅ Answer: b) A large ocean wave caused by an earthquake

2. The word tsunami originates from which language?
a) Hindi
b) Greek
c) Japanese
d) Latin
✅ Answer: c) Japanese

3. Tsunamis are quite common along the coasts of:
a) Africa
b) Japan
c) Europe
d) Australia
✅ Answer: b) Japan

4. On 26th December 2004, the tsunami in the Indian Ocean affected:
a) Canada
b) Russia
c) Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand
d) USA, Brazil, Chile
✅ Answer: c) Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand

5. The 2004 tsunami caused:
a) Earthquake waves only
b) Change in rainfall
c) Immense damage to life and property
d) Cooling of the ocean
✅ Answer: c) Immense damage to life and property

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🌍 Distribution of Earthquakes

6. Earthquake distribution closely matches the distribution of:
a) Rivers
b) Mountains
c) Volcanoes
d) Deserts
✅ Answer: c) Volcanoes

7. Which region experiences the most frequent earthquakes?
a) Atlantic belt
b) Pacific Ring of Fire
c) Indian Ocean belt
d) Arctic Circle
✅ Answer: b) Pacific Ring of Fire

8. What percentage of earthquakes occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 68%
d) 31%
✅ Answer: c) 68%

9. How many earthquakes occur in the Mediterranean-Himalayan belt?
a) 1%
b) 10%
c) 31%
d) 50%
✅ Answer: c) 31%

10. Which of the following is part of the Mediterranean-Himalayan belt?
a) Africa
b) Asia Minor
c) South America
d) North America
✅ Answer: b) Asia Minor

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🇮🇳 Earthquakes in India

11. Which region in India is prone to earthquakes?
a) Western Ghats
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Himalayan region
d) Thar Desert
✅ Answer: c) Himalayan region

12. The Ganga-Brahmaputra valley is:
a) Earthquake-safe
b) Occasionally affected
c) Flood-prone
d) Prone to earthquakes
✅ Answer: d) Prone to earthquakes

13. Which Indian earthquake occurred in 1991?
a) Gujarat earthquake
b) Uttar Kashi earthquake
c) Latur earthquake
d) Koyna earthquake
✅ Answer: b) Uttar Kashi earthquake

14. The Latur earthquake occurred in:
a) 1990
b) 2001
c) 1993
d) 1985
✅ Answer: c) 1993

15. The Koyna (Maharashtra) earthquake took place in:
a) 2000
b) 1999
c) 1967
d) 1980
✅ Answer: c) 1967

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🌋 Volcanoes

16. A volcano is a:
a) Waterfall
b) Crater formed by earthquakes
c) Vent or opening in the earth’s crust
d) Fault line
✅ Answer: c) Vent or opening in the earth’s crust

17. What erupts from a volcano?
a) Lava and water
b) Cold air
c) Magma and gases
d) Ice and gas
✅ Answer: c) Magma and gases

18. The opening of a volcano is usually:
a) Rectangular
b) Triangular
c) Irregular
d) Circular
✅ Answer: d) Circular

19. Volcanic eruptions may also occur through:
a) Water bodies
b) Ice caps
c) Long cracks or fissures
d) Ocean floors
✅ Answer: c) Long cracks or fissures

20. What is magma called after it rises to the surface?
a) Lava
b) Ash
c) Fire
d) Plasma
✅ Answer: a) Lava

🌋 Volcanoes – Structure & Activity

1. What forms around a volcano's opening after lava accumulates over time?
a) Valley
b) Crater
c) Conical hill
d) Caldera
✅ Answer: c) Conical hill

2. The opening or mouth of a volcano is called a:
a) Crater
b) Vent
c) Lava flow
d) Ash cloud
✅ Answer: b) Vent

3. The funnel-shaped depression at the top of a volcano is called a:
a) Caldera
b) Cone
c) Crater
d) Side vent
✅ Answer: c) Crater

4. A crater that is very large and shaped like a basin is called a:
a) Crater
b) Cone
c) Vent
d) Caldera
✅ Answer: d) Caldera

5. Calderas are formed due to:
a) Rainwater
b) Wind erosion
c) Violent explosions
d) Lava cooling
✅ Answer: c) Violent explosions

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🔥 Causes of Volcanic Activity

6. Temperature inside the Earth increases at the rate of:
a) 1°C every 50 metres
b) 2°C every 10 metres
c) 1°C every 32 metres
d) 5°C every 100 metres
✅ Answer: c) 1°C every 32 metres

7. At a depth of 15 km, the pressure is about:
a) 5 tonnes per cm²
b) 10 tonnes per cm²
c) 1 tonne per cm²
d) 3 tonnes per cm²
✅ Answer: a) 5 tonnes per cm²

8. The semi-molten state inside the earth is known as:
a) Lava
b) Rock
c) Magma
d) Steam
✅ Answer: c) Magma

9. Magma can dissolve:
a) Ash
b) Water
c) Gases
d) Minerals only
✅ Answer: c) Gases

10. The scientific study of volcanoes is called:
a) Seismology
b) Lithology
c) Volcanology
d) Geography
✅ Answer: c) Volcanology

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🌋 Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

11. When magma rises slowly and spreads over a large area, it is called:
a) Explosive eruption
b) Quiet eruption
c) Fissure eruption
d) Composite eruption
✅ Answer: c) Fissure eruption

12. Which Indian region has plateaus formed by fissure eruption?
a) Ganga Plains
b) Eastern Ghats
c) Deccan Plateau
d) Thar Desert
✅ Answer: c) Deccan Plateau

13. When magma rises quickly and explodes with lava and gases, it is known as:
a) Fissure eruption
b) Silent eruption
c) Explosive eruption
d) Steam eruption
✅ Answer: c) Explosive eruption

14. An example of an explosive eruption occurred in:
a) Mount Etna
b) Iceland
c) Krakatoa, Indonesia
d) Deccan Plateau
✅ Answer: c) Krakatoa, Indonesia

15. The Krakatoa eruption happened on:
a) 12th August 1945
b) 27th August 1883
c) 15th August 1857
d) 5th July 1901
✅ Answer: b) 27th August 1883

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🌡️ Lava Characteristics

16. Highly viscous lava is:
a) Rich in water and silica
b) Rich in silica, low in water
c) Poor in silica
d) Only made of gases
✅ Answer: b) Rich in silica, low in water

17. Low viscosity lava:
a) Has little silica and more water
b) Moves slowly
c) Is rich in silica
d) Forms hills
✅ Answer: a) Has little silica and more water

18. Low viscosity lava forms:
a) Steep cones
b) Jagged rocks
c) Smooth flows
d) Ash clouds
✅ Answer: c) Smooth flows

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🇮🇳 Volcano in India

19. Where is Barren Island located?
a) Lakshadweep
b) Gulf of Mannar
c) Andaman Sea
d) Arabian Sea
✅ Answer: c) Andaman Sea

20. Barren Island last erupted in:
a) 2001
b) 2017
c) 1993
d) 2022
✅ Answer: b) 2017

🌋 Volcanic Belts & Earth’s Structure

1. The Mid Continental Belt is a zone of:
a) Divergent boundaries
b) Transform faults
c) Convergent continental plate boundaries
d) Oceanic spreading centers
✅ Answer: c) Convergent continental plate boundaries

2. Which of the following volcanoes is found in the Mid Continental Belt?
a) Krakatoa
b) Stromboli
c) Iceland
d) Azores
✅ Answer: b) Stromboli

3. The Himalayan mountains have:
a) One active volcano
b) No active volcanoes
c) Many dormant volcanoes
d) Only extinct volcanoes
✅ Answer: b) No active volcanoes

4. The Mid Atlantic Belt represents:
a) Convergent boundaries
b) Divergent boundaries
c) Fault zones
d) Collision zones
✅ Answer: b) Divergent boundaries

5. The volcanoes in the Mid Atlantic Belt are mainly of:
a) Cone type
b) Caldera type
c) Explosive eruption type
d) Fissure eruption type
✅ Answer: d) Fissure eruption type

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🌍 Earth’s Interior & Structure

6. The Earth’s interior structure is compared with:
a) Orange
b) Onion
c) Apple
d) Watermelon
✅ Answer: c) Apple

7. The outermost layer of the Earth is called:
a) Mantle
b) Core
c) Crust
d) Lithosphere
✅ Answer: c) Crust

8. The upper part of the Earth’s crust is called:
a) SIAL
b) SIMA
c) Mantle
d) Lithosphere
✅ Answer: a) SIAL

9. The lower part of the Earth’s crust is called:
a) SIAL
b) SIMA
c) Core
d) Magma
✅ Answer: b) SIMA

10. The thickness of the mantle is about:
a) 1000 km
b) 2000 km
c) 2900 km
d) 3700 km
✅ Answer: c) 2900 km

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🌐 Lithosphere & Seismology

11. The lithosphere is broken into a number of:
a) Layers
b) Continents
c) Plates
d) Belts
✅ Answer: c) Plates

12. These plates are known as:
a) Crustal plates
b) Seismic plates
c) Lithospheric plates
d) Continental plates
✅ Answer: c) Lithospheric plates

13. The instrument used to record earthquake waves is called:
a) Thermometer
b) Barometer
c) Seismograph
d) Altimeter
✅ Answer: c) Seismograph

14. A tsunami is caused by:
a) Flood
b) Landslide
c) Volcano
d) Underwater earthquake
✅ Answer: d) Underwater earthquake

15. A volcano is a vent or opening in the:
a) Ocean floor
b) Mountain top
c) Earth’s crust
d) Stratosphere
✅ Answer: c) Earth’s crust

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🌋 Volcano Types & Eruption

16. What flows out from a volcano?
a) Steam only
b) Only rocks
c) Magma
d) Water and mud
✅ Answer: c) Magma

17. The shape of a volcano depends on:
a) Earthquake strength
b) Moon's pull
c) Lava type and force of eruption
d) Sea level
✅ Answer: c) Lava type and force of eruption

18. How many major zones of volcanic activity are there in the world?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
✅ Answer: b) 3

19. Iceland is located on:
a) Pacific Ring of Fire
b) African Rift
c) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
d) Himalayan Belt
✅ Answer: c) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

20. St. Helena and Azores Islands are examples of volcanoes from the:
a) Pacific Ring
b) Mid Atlantic Belt
c) African Belt
d) Indian Ocean Ridge
✅ Answer: b) Mid Atlantic Belt